Tan Haozhe，Professor of our college，Executive Deputy Director of the Literary Aesthetics Research Center of Shandong University，Vice Chairman of Shandong Writers Association。This article is excerpted from "Journal of Shandong University"，Originally titled "Pursuing Academic Vitality and Value Commitment"。
Not long ago，The selection of the first batch of Qilu cultural celebrities in Shandong Province is announced，Tan Haozhe and Wang Xuedian of our school、Professor Ma Xin was selected together。Reporters recently interviewed Professor Tan Haozhe。
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Reporter: Hello, Teacher Tan！First of all, congratulations on winning the title of "Qilu Cultural Master"！Teacher Tan, can you tell us about your study and life experiences as a teenager？
Tan Haozhe: My life experience can be said to be very simple，So far it’s been “being a student – being a teacher – being a student – being a teacher”，Did not leave campus。After graduating from high school in 1974，Served as a private teacher in a village primary school and a commune high school for three and a half years。Take the college entrance examination in 1977，Entered the Chinese Department of Shandong University in the spring of 1978，Before graduating from college in January 1982, that is, in July 1981, he was confirmed to stay at the school to teach half a year in advance，To this day。
If there is any difference between my educational experience and current college students，Probably life before graduating from college was really hard。I was born in the mountains of Jiaodong，Five brothers and sisters in the family，Add grandpa、Parents total eight people，The family is relatively poor。Participated in the collective labor of the production team since I was in junior high school，In addition to earning work points on weekends to reduce the burden on the family，Usually every morning, I have to push two carts of soil for the production team, and then eat cold meals all the way to school in another village。In the four years of college，I have never been willing to drink a bowl of tofu bread that costs five cents。But it is this hard life，Let me cherish the opportunity to study and study more，My grades have always been excellent from elementary school to university。As the old saying goes, "hardships and hardships make you successful"，Although I am not successful，But the hardship has been tasted，So I always use this to encourage myself。
Reporter: Reminiscing about the past，Are there some things that are still fresh in your mind after so many years?？
Tan Haozhe: What touches me the most so far is my parents。My mother has not read a book for a day，My father also read very few books。Like many people with low education，They have a natural respect for scholars。So although my family is relatively poor，But none of the five brothers and sisters gave up studying because of financial problems。Especially mother，She bears the burden of family，My health is not good and I often get sick，But he still encourages us to study hard。Although this is not a great thing，But it was really not easy to have such parents in the rural areas of that era。
Except parents，The teacher also has a great influence on me。Primary school to university，Many of the teachers I have experienced are very dedicated，They see every step of the students’ progress。The most impressive one was probably in 1973，At that time, Zhang Tiesheng’s failure in the college entrance examination triggered the “Great Debate on Educational Revolution”，Our high school campus is also full of big-character posters advocating that "reading is useless"。I strongly disagree with this view，Written a big-character poster entitled "Comment on the 180-degree U-turn"，Criticizes the shift in the field of education from the feudal era’s idea of academic excellence leading to officialdom to the current trend of thought that reading is useless。This was very inappropriate for that era，But Principal Liu, who teaches politics in our school, encouraged me without fear of pressure and said: "You did the right thing，This is how it should be written！”Looking back now，I feel that the teachers at that time were truly worthy of the word “teacher”。Teacher as Educator，His duty is to pass on culture、Teaching and educating people，If the teachers don’t agree with reading，Then why talk about education？
2. Qilu cultural development and discipline localization construction
Reporter: Teacher Tan was recently awarded "Qilu Cultural Master"，What is “Qilu Culture” in your opinion？
Tan Haozhe: "Qilu culture" is actually a summary of a regional culture。It is not a single culture，It is the fusion of Qi culture and Lu culture，It is a composite form of culture，It also includes the influence and integration of other regional cultures besides Qilu。
The State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period，Produced Confucius、The benevolent Confucian cultural thought theory represented mainly by Mencius，However, Qi State, which is adjacent to the coast to the east, formed the Jiang Taigong、bet365 live casino reviewino blackjackGuan Zhong、The wise man culture represented by Yan Ying and others。Although both are in the Dongyi cultural circle，Danqi culture absorbed more of the local indigenous culture and developed it，Differences from Lu culture。Relatively speaking，Qi focuses on industry and commerce while Lu focuses on agriculture and mulberry，Qi attaches great importance to respecting the virtuous, while Lu attaches great importance to kissing relatives，Qi values utilitarianism while Lu values benevolence and righteousness，Qi Shang changed while Lu stayed strong，Reappear in the world and focus on ideals。Confucius said, "The wise enjoy water，The benevolent Leshan”。Using the metaphor of mountains and rivers，Benevolent Xinglu culture is as thick and strong as a mountain，Have a broad mind and upward spirit，Pursue "goodness"、Letter、美、Big、St.、The realm of God。The wise Qi culture was born near the sea，With the vastness and agility of the sea，So it can be changed、Praise for utilitarianism，Pragmatic development，Change with the times，Have a strong orientation towards people’s livelihood。The two cultures gradually merged together organically during the development，Formed the main body of Qilu culture，And inherently constitutes a complementary tension，Making Qilu culture realistic，Have ideals again，Valuable，Pursuit。At the same time，In the process of development，Qilu culture is also influenced by other cultures，For example, Confucius once asked Laozi。So，When talking about Qilu culture, we cannot completely talk about Confucian culture。There are also many Qi culture contents and other types of cultural contents，It is something that Confucian culture cannot tolerate and generalize。Inside Lu Culture，Not only Confucian culture，There is also Mohist culture，It also has a very historical status and influence。Today we talk about promoting Qilu culture，All the excellent traditional cultural elements in Qilu，All should be critically inherited and developed creatively。
Reporter: In your opinion, Teacher Tan，How should we promote and develop Qilu culture？
Tan Haozhe: I think the most important thing is that everyone works hard to practice it。For example，Confucian culture in Qilu culture，The most important thing is to talk about benevolence and justice，They are the core concepts of Confucian culture，The most critical expression of the cultural concept of human beings in Confucian culture。“Benevolence” has different requirements for people at different levels，For state managers, it is necessary to implement benevolent governance，For individuals, it is to be a benevolent person。Be a benevolent person，The most important thing is to have love，So Confucius said that "the benevolent love others"。But loving others is not just about loving your own family、Relatives，But also as Mencius required, "I am old and I am old and people are old，You are my child and the child of others”，That is, to love other people，Promote love to the entire society。For a teacher，How to express your love？It is full of sincere care for students，Performing your responsibilities seriously，Let students become adults。The process of fulfilling responsibilities，It is the process of practicing "benevolence"。Compared with Western mainstream culture that prefers to understand the world，Chinese culture belongs to the outlook on life culture in the cultural classification of the phenomenological philosopher Husserl，It is a kind of wisdom in life。Mr. Li Zehou calls the rational spirit of traditional Chinese culture and philosophy practical rationality，This is more accurate。Traditional Chinese culture，Indeed, most of them involve daily life and its ethics，Relatively practical，For example, Confucius used his words and actions throughout his life to interpret what Confucian culture later summarized。So we must carry forward traditional culture today，We must also return to daily ethics，Reflect and practice through your own behavior。This karma is what Confucius meant by "the road is not far away"。
Culture is a living thing，It will develop forward with the progress of social life。The process of cultural practice is the process of cultural "creation", that is, the process of creative transformation。Practice and innovation enable culture to advance with the times and adapt to the needs of the times，It also enables the times to expand forward in an orderly manner on a certain cultural track，It not only provides culture with the support of the times，Let the life of the times be nourished by culture。This is a better way to promote traditional culture，This is also the attitude we should have towards Qilu culture today。
Reporter: Teacher Tan has always been committed to literary theory and aesthetic nationality、Localized discipline construction。But the wheel of history has entered the era of globalization，Are localization and globalization contradictory？
Tan Haozhe: Talking about globalization，First of all, we must break a conceptual misunderstanding，I think globalization is just a one-way evolution of world integration。Just like the British scholar Zygmunt·What Bauman said in his book "Globalization"，Globalization is actually accompanied by two opposite trends: on the one hand, Bet365 loginthe world-wide economy、Politics、The evolution of culture toward integration；On the other hand, it is the pursuit of localization that is opposite to integration。Globalization is both union and differentiation。It turns some people into global citizens，Also fix another part of the population in a certain corner of the world，For example, managers fly around the world，Factories open all over the world，But his workers are fixed in a specific place。
As for the concept of nationality，And some social phenomena and cultural connotations attached to the concept of nationality，Also a product of globalization and its cultural modernity，Closely related to the localization trend in globalization。Globalization begins with the global expansion of capitalism，The result was the birth of nation-states in the West first，Causing the awakening of national consciousness in the East。Therefore, between modernity and nationality，Or between nationalization and globalization，Not an absolutely antagonistic relationship，But they were born in the development process of the modern world，Globalization is getting more intense，The awareness of nationalization becomes stronger，The relationship between the two is the unity of opposites。
Reporter: How do you think our discipline construction should deal with the issues of globalization and nationality？
Tan Haozhe: Globalization is caused by the joint participation of all ethnic groups，Due to the different situations of various ethnic groups in the context of globalization，The experience is different。This situation、Behind the experience is the issue of national interests，Such a pattern is reflected in the academic world, which leads to the self-confirmation of national character，In cultural studies this is called “identity”。Personally speaking，I always adhere to two points from an academic standpoint，First, adhere to a global perspective，The second is to adhere to the position of nationality。Today's era，Thinking about literary and artistic theoretical issues needs to be global、Global perspective，But even if it is global、Global common issues have different meanings for various ethnic groups due to the different situations they face，Think from the perspective of national life，The problem displayed must be specific、Special，Theoretical researchers must be good at discovering and refining the national specificity and particularity of the life of the times and its problems。
So how to reflect national character，Make your voice heard？I think the most important thing is to be based on local experience，Back to China’s own problems。American neo-Marxist scholar Jameson said that "intellectuals are attached to their own national situation"，“Theories come from specific situations”，I strongly agree with this。Chinese scholars，Of course it should be based on local experience，Translating academic research into our own experiences、Come up with your own problems。Because the problems we face are partly caused by the process of globalization，So the innovation of one’s own theory will also have certain universality，Order other countries、National empathy。
3. Academic philosophy and pursuit
Reporter: I saw this sentence on your personal homepage of "Writers Online"，"Let perceptual literature and aesthetics shine with the light of reason"，Is this sentence the academic goal and pursuit of Teacher Tan？
Tan Haozhe: You can also say that。I study aesthetics、Literature and Art Issues，Aesthetics、The object of literature and art is perceptual literature, art and aesthetic psychological phenomena。But as a researcher，We are not artists，It is impossible to stay in the sensibility，We must have a rational understanding of it。What I call rationality refers to a kind of humanistic rationality，It contains several meanings: First, scientific rationality or historical rationality，It studies the problem of how the world is；The second is value rationality or normative rationality，It studies the question of meaning。Both rationalities are important，Here I want to focus on the issue of value rationality。
Liu Xie, a famous literary critic in ancient China, said this in the opening chapter of "Wen Xin Diao Long"，“Literature is a great virtue，What is it that exists side by side with heaven and earth？”Regard literature as the way of nature，Born together with heaven and earth，What a high position this puts the article in！The earlier "Book of Rites" also contains humanistic scholarship that "can praise the transformation and education of heaven and earth"、The saying “can join heaven and earth”。Later Zhang Zai talked about "establishing a heart for heaven and earth,Establishing a destiny for the people，Continuing the unique learning for the saints，Create peace for all generations”，Giving humanities academics extremely high value。In the West，A committed writer、Thinkers also attach great importance to humanities and scholarship。The British playwright Galsworthy said that a playwright is on a pilgrimage，Devoting oneself to art is “for great happiness and human greatness”。The German classical philosopher Fichte defined man’s mission in this world as making himself infinitely perfect，This is in line with what "The Great Learning" says: "The way to a great university lies in Ming Ming De"，bet365 live casino bettingIn Qinmin，There are different approaches but the same purpose in "stopping at perfection"。Visible，Scholars at home and abroad, both ancient and modern, place humanities academics at a very high position in life and human society，Humanities scholarship is to point out a direction for the development of life and the human spiritual world。In this sense，In the words of Fichte，Humanities scholars should be “mentors of mankind”。Some people in the academic community don’t seem to like this statement，The reason is that in an equal and democratic society，One person is not qualified to teach another person。This view，I disapprove。To know，There is a division of labor in this world，Most people are engaged in daily practical business，Correspondingly, some people need to think about metaphysical issues。Scholars are thinking about these issues，For the survival value of human beings、Meaning provides some possible choice。From this perspective，The social significance and value carried by humanities scholarship is very huge。Just me speaking，If you have a summary of your pursuit，Then I am willing to pursue this kind of intellectual vitality、Academics with Worthy Commitment。
Reporter: According to Teacher Tan, what is value rationality?
Tan Haozhe: What I call value rationality，It is rationality related to the pursuit of human values，Value analysis and judgment derived from human ideals。The reason why，There are two reasons。One，As far as theoretical research itself is concerned，Its function is not only to understand and explain reality，It still depends on the specification、Judge and lead reality。If you are like some people in academia，One-sided understanding of Marx·Weber’s “value neutrality”，Blindly rejecting emotional involvement、Value evaluation，It is easy for theoretical research to lose its active intervention in the real process，Lost the vitality and humanistic-social attributes that the theory should have，This will further lead to the marginalization of theoretical research in the life of the times，Make it insignificant。Part 2，Theoretical research should be guided by value rationality，It is also due to the nature of history itself。Human beings live in the concrete reality that constitutes the flow of history，Striving to improve real life to a more humane one、In the passionate desire for an idealized vision of the future。Human creation of history is objectively based on the conditions provided by history，Also takes the passionate desire for the future vision as the main motivation。Relative to human beings’ ideal desire for the future，No social life in any era is perfect。Therefore，Whether it is a realistic evaluation of the life of the times or the main planning of the trends of the times，We must introduce the ideal standard of value，The raising and solving of academic problems cannot be separated from the intervention of values。
Only when value rationality is introduced on the basis of historical rationality，It not only allows people to realize the reality they face，It also allows people to understand what is good about various social and cultural phenomena in contemporary life、What is bad、What is right、What is wrong，Only such humanities and social science research can enjoy the reputation and glory of science，without losing the ideological style and social mission of humanities academics。
4. Life consciousness and expectations
Reporter: In the eyes of most people，Academic work is very hard、Boring work。Teacher Tan, how do you persist in academic research for decades？
Tan Haozhe: I think the most important thing is to be based on life consciousness。So-called life consciousness，That is, each of us must have a life position that gives ourselves value，Understand what you want to do in this life。When you choose your own position in life，You have to endure all kinds of setbacks、Tribulation，Pay the corresponding hard work。If the realm is broad、High positioning，You will understand this climbing process，Treat it as a kind of life practice、The sublimation of life，Enjoy the process of pursuing value and meaning，Naturally, you won’t feel bored。
I have always asked myself to be a sincere person、Work hard、Climb high and look far、Understand the true meaning of life。In academic research，My little ambition is to put a personal stamp on academics，That is to say, in this subject field，I want my voice，And always align academic research with personal presence、In line with personal understanding of the true meaning of life。Academic career is not a particularly social activity，If you want to achieve something, you must endure the joys, sorrows and loneliness,Not tempted by worldliness and trends。When we were in college, there were fewer temptations than today，Now that information is developed、Information inflation，There are too many temptations on both the material and spiritual levels，It becomes more difficult to hold your heart back，This is something that contemporary college students need to be vigilant about。At the same time，There are also some fashionable things that tempt us in the academic field，Also needs to be identified and discarded。“Never let go of the green hills” when it comes to things that are truly valuable，This is the right way of life，The right path of academics。
Reporter: Indeed，Many people often lose their bet365 games best slotsown choices and determination in life because they are swayed by trends and fashion，Some people may think that humanities academics are not conducive to success in real life，No sense in it，No fun found。
Tan Haozhe: Yes，In today’s society with diverse values，It is difficult to have a unique solution to academic problems in the humanities，This also makes it easy for some people to underestimate academic achievements，I think it is not worth spending a lifetime to solve a few problems that cannot be recognized by everyone。But in my opinion，There must be some people like this，To think hard about seemingly mysterious spiritual and ideological issues。If no one engages in humanities academics related to the spiritual direction of the country and nation，To think、Research and solve major basic theoretical issues in humanities，Then humanities academics will not have qualitative development and leaps，It is difficult for the spiritual life of the entire country and nation to reach the peak of history。
Reporter: Only by doing academic work in a down-to-earth manner can you achieve success。In Teacher Tan’s life course，Which book has had the greatest impact on you？Can you recommend some books to classmates？
Tan Haozhe: I would like to recommend it to my classmates，It is also a book that has a great influence on me，The first is "On the Mission of Scholars and the Mission of Man" by the German classical philosopher Fichte。Fichte was very idealistic、A philosopher with great patriotic enthusiasm。I think my college years are also the most energetic in my life、Have ideals、A romantic period，By such a book，I hope that students can think carefully about how to take their own life path，Go there。The ancients said that "a gentleman should stick to his roots"，The foundation is established and the Tao is born"，Understand why living is the foundation of being a human being。
Another recommended paragraph，This is a message I wrote on a classmate’s notebook when I graduated from college，Excerpted from the opening speech of Hegel, the master of German classical philosophy, at the University of Berlin on October 22, 1818。That passage says: "The courage to pursue the truth，Believe in the power of the spirit，It is the first condition for philosophical research。Man should respect himself，And should regard oneself as worthy of the noblest things。The greatness and power of the spirit cannot be underestimated or underestimated。The hidden essence of the universe itself is not strong enough to resist the courage to seek knowledge。For the courageous seeker of knowledge，It can only reveal its secrets，Reveal its riches and mysteries to him，Let him enjoy。”
Reporter: Indeed，What our young people need，It is such a spirit of courage to pursue，The courage to face the world。
Tan Haozhe: That’s right。In addition, I would like to give special advice to the students，No matter which subject field you are in，Everyone should read some philosophy books，For example, Russell's "Philosophical Problems" and "History of Western Philosophy"，Feng Youlan's "New History of Chinese Philosophy" and Zhang Dainian's "Outline of Chinese Philosophy", etc.，All can be read as introductory books。Especially Russell’s book is in line with Mencius’ requirements of “knowing people and analyzing the world”，It is a statement and elucidation of each philosopher's doctrine based on the circumstances of the times and personal life，Appears to be simple and close to life。A fundamental difference between humans and animals is that humans have freedom and consciousness，Freedom to promote people’s life and personality，Consciously plan the direction of one’s life，The significance of philosophy is to enlighten us on how to freely and consciously ponder the true meaning of existence，Let go of the wings of life，Show the beauty of life。
Reporter: Finally，Can Mr. Tan share with us your academic expectations and prospects for the future？
Tan Haozhe: Humanities academics need a thinking mind，National development requires thinking minds。I always believe that the most intelligent, rational and valuable person should bear the responsibility,I also hope to have the best students to study、Inheriting and developing humanities academics。
For our subject area，I look forward to working together with everyone，Propose more Chineseness、National issues，Send more Chinese voices at the World Aesthetics and Literary Theory Forum。Personally speaking，Future academic efforts can be summarized in three aspects: first, combining Chinese literary theory and the reality of Chinese literary development since the new era，Make new contributions to the sinicization of Marx’s literary theory or the construction of the contemporary form of Marx’s literary theory；The second is to add fuel to the comprehensive research on literature and art，In ancient and modern literary theory conference、Making new explorations in the integration of Chinese and foreign literary theory，Make our literary theory based on Marxist literary theory and China’s own tradition，Not only presents a proper Chinese style，Does not deviate from the trend of literary theory in the world；The third is on the premise of deepening basic theoretical research，Further integrate the study of literary aesthetics with the actual practice Bet365 gamesof literature, art and aesthetics，Carry forward the discipline of literary aesthetics named and developed purely by Chinese scholars。
Reporter: I believe Teacher Tan’s expectations will be realized！Thank you, Teacher Tan！