May 24, 2021 10:00 am，Professor of Central Conservatory of Music、Doctoral supervisor Professor Chen Quanyou was invited to visit the Literary Aesthetics Research Center of our school，An academic lecture entitled "The Joy of Metal and Stone in Ancient China"。The lecture was hosted by Professor Cheng Xiangzhan, Deputy Director of the Center，More than 30 teachers and students attended the event。
The lecture content mainly includes three aspects: metal and stone tools、The Joy of Gold and Stone、The gift of gold and stone。
The beginning of the lecture，Professor Chen first introduced the first part of this lecture—Metal and Stone Tools with the ancient Chinese "eight tones"，This is also the focus of this lecture。"Zhou Rites" records: "All eight tones are broadcast，Gold, stone, soil, leather, silk, wood and bamboo。”Gold, stone, soil, leather, silk, wood and bamboo，is the main material used to make musical instruments，That is, the material that vibrates and pronounces。"Han Shu·Lu Li Zhi 1" records: "The soil is called Xun，痠（hù）曰癙，Piyuegu，Bamboo Day Pipe，Siyuexian，Shi Yue Qing，Golden Day Bell，木曰混（zhù）。”Gold、Stone，Corresponding clocks respectively、Qing。We talk about the joy of gold and stone，In fact, it refers to rituals and music。Gold and Stone Tool，Not a simple musical instrument，They are also closely related to the process of Chinese civilization。Gold and Stone Tool，It is a typical artifact of the development and evolution of Chinese music culture；It is connected with ancient China, especially pre-Qin politics、Economy、bet365 online sports betting appSociety、Culture、The hub between music and art，Is the bearer of ritual and music culture；It is also a concrete manifestation of China’s technological and manufacturing progress in the pre-Qin period。
Professor Chen then described in detail the development process of bells and chimes。In the process of telling，Professor Chen has repeatedly used pictures and information of unearthed cultural relics to explain the characteristics and changes of musical instruments in specific development periods。For example，"Middle cymbals" unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang: Most of the cymbals unearthed are in sets of three (so far only the tomb of Fu Hao in the Yin Ruins has been found in a set of five)，Proof that musical instruments have begun to be sequenced，Can play simple music。
The development stages of clocks are: Initial stage - primitive society、Xia and early to mid-Shang Dynasties、Late Shang；Development Period——Western Zhou Dynasty；Heyday——Spring and Autumn and Warring States；Decline and Transformation Period—Qin and Han Dynasties、Wei Jin to Qing Dynasty、Early to mid-20th century；The clock’s “rebirth” period—the late 20th century and beyond。Zhong’s “performance” in the initial period is，The shape of the vessel ranges from rhombus to tile-shaped，From single piece to multi-piece set。The Western Zhou Dynasty is the development period of the clock，The bell (hanging bell) with its mouth facing down appears，Double-tone bells appear regularly，Diversified arrangement forms are initially taking shape。Jinhou Su Chime Bell (early and mid-Western Zhou Dynasty)，Collected by Shanghai Museum) has three styles: one style has a spin；The second formula has spin and relief；Three forms have spin and bend，Zheng and Seal are clear。Reflect the changes in the development of chimes during this period。Spring and Autumn Period，The types of bells begin to increase，The bet365 online casinoemergence and widespread use of button clocks，Diversified arrangement forms。The button clock is also called the "singing clock"，Mainly used to play melody，Chimes began to be hung in multiple layers during this period。In the Warring States Period, there were giant orchestral bells，Ru Zenghou Yi Chime、Chimes of Leigudun No. 2 Tomb, etc.。The development of musical instruments is closely related to the times。Professor Chen specifically pointed out，The Spring bet365 slotsand Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were a period in history when rituals collapsed and music collapsed，But it is also a period of great development of music。The collapse of rituals and the collapse of music，To another extent, it can also be called "the collapse of rituals and the prosperity of happiness"。Ming utensils became common in Qin and Han Dynasties，The round body clock became common from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty。Early to mid-20th century，Preliminary research on music bells。Late 20th century and early 21st century，This is the "rebirth" period of Zhong。
Qing，It is a stone plate percussion instrument that has appeared in the Neolithic Age，Considered by Stone Hoe、The development and evolution of stone plows and other labor or daily utensils，formerly known as Youshi、Qing、Li Qing、Ball etc.。Ancient times to early Shang Dynasty，The chime is made of natural stone，Used as a single piece (special chime)；Mostly shaped by stone，No fixed vessel，It is also difficult to have a clear final sound。Late Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou Dynasty，The chime is made of limestone，Mainly grinding，The stone chime still exists；Continue to use the special chime，The chime begins to appear，And the number of arrangements gradually expanded (in the Zhou Dynasty, there were more sets of 5 pieces or 10 pieces)；Diversified shapes，Gradually appear the arrogant top、Standardized fossil chime with straight sides and bottom。Spring bet365 slotsand Autumn Period and Warring States Period to Western Han Dynasty，It is already difficult to see the special chime，Multiple presentation orchestration，And the scale continues to expand；Tuning specifications、The sound sequence is set in order，Mainly set the pentatonic sequence。Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty，Increased material types，Ruyuqing、Bronze chime、Iron chime, etc.；The scope of use is limited to Yale，The shape is mainly curved ruler type，Fixed in a set of 16 pieces。
The Joy of Gold and Stone，is the second part of the lecture。Professor Chen explained the musical performance of gold and stone instruments with examples、Music settings。For example, the musical performance of chimes in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty: the big bell is used with a single tone (without side drum and bird pattern)，The small bell appears large、Double tone setting for minor third；The range of a single set of bells can reach two octaves and four more。Common "eight arrangement" or "eight + eight arrangement" structure: Yu-Gong-Jiao (Zheng)-Yu (Gong)-Jiao (Zheng)-Yu (Gong)-Jiao (Zheng)-Yu (Gong)。Button bells unearthed from Guojiamiao M30 (10 pieces) (era: late Western Zhou Dynasty to early Spring and Autumn Period)，Voice measurement display，Both are a double tone，Has a big、Minor third setting；The sound "Shang" appears，In the positive drum sound, it has five positive tones (machine test、Ear test)；The positive drum sound (10 pieces) is Zheng-Yu-Gong-Shang-Jiao-Yu-Gong-Shang-Jiao-Yu。
The gift of gold and stone，is the last part of the lecture。Professor Chen specifically pointed out，The joy of gold and stone (bells and chimes) in ancient China，Reflects its multiple interrelationships，It is an important matter for understanding ancient Chinese society。rite、Political、美、Art、Device、Worker etc.，All are inextricably linked to music。
Last lecture，Professor Cheng Xiangzhan summarized and thanked Professor Bet365 Casino loginChen Quanyou for the wonderful lecture。Professor Cheng said，Professor Chen uses a large number of pictures of cultural relics，Also uses audio、Video form，Bringing you a wonderful event、Professional academic report。Just two hours，Everyone seems to have traveled back to the era of bells and dinners，To feel the joy of ancient Chinese metal and stone，Let everyone have a preliminary understanding of the history of ancient Chinese music，It is of great help to students’ professional studies。
On-site Q&A interactive session，Three students asked questions enthusiastically，proposed "the difference between the epigraphic musical instruments reflected in the masonry of Han portraits and the unearthed cultural relics", "how to understand the phenomenon of high integration of ancient Chinese music and social power and what impact this phenomenon has on the development of contemporary Chinese music" and "the humanities "Is the sound getting further and further away from the sound of nature?" Three questions，I received Professor Chen’s patient answers one by one。In warm applause，Lecture ended successfully。
Chen Quanyou，Editor and Reviewer of the Department of Musicology, Central Conservatory of Music，Ph.D. Supervisor in Chinese Music History，History of Chinese Music、Master's Tutor in Music Editing。Concurrently serves as the executive vice president of the Chinese Music History Society、Secretary-General，Deputy Secretary-General of the Chinese Music Critics Society。Presided over the publication of "Music Research" for 18 years。Host the National Social Science Fund Art Project、Beijing Social Science Fund Project, etc.，Has published many works such as "Research on Chinese Bronze Music Bells", "A Brief History of Ancient Chinese Music", "Theory and Practice of Music Text Editing"。
