Li Lunin,Deputy Dean of the School of Literature and News and Communication of Shandong University、Associate Professor。December 2004 to June 2005,As a visiting scholar, go to Yale University to study Western philosophy aesthetics。
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Q: What is the first novel feeling after you arrived in Yale?
Answer: The first feeling is,There are too few people in the United States。I was before Christmas when I arrived in the United States,I arrived in New York on December 19,No. 21 to New Heie。The first feeling is that there are too few people in this place。I am alone in the whole street,I am alone on the three or four streets nearby。Jinan from the shoulder to the shoulder to a place where people are not seen on the street,Very uncomfortable。Yale University is putting Christmas leave at this time,There are also a few people on the campus。
Yale University has two semesters in spring and autumn semester in Yale University,Four holidays。Christmas is a big leave,Equivalent to our winter vacation,It looks like three weeks。The next time it will start school。Spring vacation for two weeks later,Many students will go to the Caribbean Sea for vacation。then summer vacation,Summer vacation is long,About two months。The autumn semester after the start of the summer vacation,Then it will leave the fake of Thanksgiving in November。
Question: Is that Yale's students easy?
Answer: No,Yale students are very hard,Many of their holidays,But the academic studies are very heavy。What we usually see is the side of American students,Very happy、Very can play。But in fact American people learn to learn,Play is playing,The division is very clear。Yale students are particularly hard,It surprised me。Even on the weekend,Laboratory、The library is brightly lit。The degree of hard work,Beyond our imagination。This has left me a very deep impression for me。
Q: How do they mainly learn? Study in class or self -study?
Answer: Classroom learning is the main,But the lesson is also very important。Every time the teacher will arrange a class to read,Which books,From to which page to which page,It looks like one or two hundred pages。If you don’t read,The next class will not be able to keep up,I will not understand。So the task of their class is also very heavy。Another,The task of writing Paper is very heavy。Each course must be handed in two short PAPER,At the end of the semester,Undergraduates take the exam,Graduate students can take the exam,You can also choose to make a 25 -page long paper。These papers are required to be printed,About about half of the final scores。So students usually listen to lectures in class in class,Reading in class、Check the information、Writing papers is also a good effort。
Question: Then they hand in this paper,Is there anything different from the papers we have?
Answer: Their requirements for papers are like this。First of all when class,The teacher will send a piece of paper to everyone,Write the topic that the teacher thinks it is more suitable for students,These topics are not particularly deep,Of course it is not particularly simple,Need to work hard,And the teacher stipulates the number of words。If you feel that your level is relatively high,You can also choose some questions that are suitable for you。In short,They need to check a lot of information in their writing thesis。
Writing Paper is a very exercise academic ability,I found a problem、Analysis Question、Solve the problem,This is very important for cultivating independent thinking ability。American universities attach great importance to students' honesty education,Academic in particular, plagiarism is strictly prohibited。For academic plagiarism,Bet365 gamesVarious universities bet365 live casino bettingin the United States will impose severe punishment for such phenomena,For example, Harvard University,When each student first entered school, he would ask him to sign a integrity agreement,If a quotation in Paper does not indicate the source, it is the crime of heaven;,Mild plagiarism will cause one year to stop school,Serious plagiarism will lead to direct firing。
Q: They except learning hard,Is there any special in thinking way?
Answer: Their biggest difference is that critical thinking is more developed。Yale attaches great importance to the "Critical Thinking"。
In "Ivy League",Yale University may be the school that pays most attention to undergraduate education,Nobel Prize winner、Professor of big names must give lessons for undergraduates。Yale professor thinks,If an undergraduate study after four years of university studies,No such "Critical Thinking",Then marked the failure of college education。
The main manifestation of cultivating critical thinking is that the teacher encourages students to ask questions and debate at any time,Whether in the undergraduate class or graduate discussion class。There is a traditional classroom at Yale University,It is what students do not understand,I will raise my hand immediately,The teacher will stop immediately to answer。This situation is more obvious in the classroom of graduate students。
Another,It is worth mentioning is,The performance of Jewish students in the classroom left a deep impression on me。I have seen several senior pH.d. Jewish students in the discussion class of the "Heidegger Research" of the Department of Philosophy。They speak most enthusiastic,Question is the most sharp,Thinking the most active,The debate with the teacher is also the warmest,This dedication to truth reminds me of Marx and Einstein。
Q: Do you think these feelings in Yale class have any impact on your teaching after returning to China?
Answer: Yale University attaches great importance to undergraduate education,Our Shandong University also proposes to cultivate China's best undergraduate students,I think the best undergraduate students should have the best critical thinking ability。Our students have always been known for their excellent academic performance,But can rarely win the Nobel Prize? The fundamental reason is that you do not have good critical thinking ability,Therefore, it lacks creativity。You can only memorize,But I do n’t know what I memorize is right。
I think the cultivation of students' critical thinking is the most direct place to be related to the teacher。Traditional teaching methods -Teacher Teaching,Students' Notes,Teacher test,Student Back -It is impossible to cultivate students who really have critical thinking。I am now encouraging students in the classroom to have a place that I do n’t understand,or,The teacher has a logical place in the teaching process,Ask immediately,I will answer immediately。This will not only solve questions immediately,Can also form a certain degree of interaction,Form a true teaching phase length。The effect of this semester is a little better than before。
Q: Yale students are studying hard,What is the degree of concern to society?
Answer: Yale is not an ivory tower。Yale students have a very strong care of social reality、Focus on political consciousness。On the bulletin plate of the Okin Memorial Library,Every day, there are students that students express their own opinions,Change the content every day,and most of the critical。I have seen a slogan,Write: "Mr. Bush Makes More Enemes Than Kill!"。Very obvious,This is a student expressed his alumni to himself、The dissatisfaction of the Iraq war launched by the President。
Yale University attaches great importance to the relationship between students and the surrounding communities,Consciously serve the residents of the surrounding communities, Just like the community around us to serve us。New Hewhels was originally an industrial city,It's declining now,Poverty and crime troubles it。 Yale University has established various student club organizations,I remember that one of them was founded bet365 live casino bettingby bet365 games best slotsthe students of the law department,It is a organization that assisted women in Nuchi -Blackwen City from law,The effect is very good。So students in the law department can use their own learning to help others,Exercise yourself,On the other hand, it has greatly improved the image of Yale in New Bhiarching。New Halkea is like a poor relative,Yale has always wanted to get rid of this poor relative for many years,Now Yale changes thinking,I took the initiative to help her。
Q: Except to serve the community,Is there some activities such as work and studying in Yale?
Answer: Yale is a famous noble school in the United States,85%of students surveyed from the United States Famous Monopoly,So,Yale's tuition is very high,The tuition of an undergraduate one year is $ 40,000,General American families are unbearable。How can we attract the best students to Yale? Yale has a good tradition,It is all its graduate students have scholarships,and it is a full prize,$ 15,000,Enough to live alone。Another,If the parents' annual income is under certain standards,Yale will give students free tuition,It will also provide certain subsidies。
In addition,Yale also provides many students with the opportunity to work in school。For example,Many networks、Edit of newspaper,The service staff of the library are all students。If the students are very poor,Generally, two parts of work。Yale's school newspaper- "Yale News Daily",It is the student's own,The school can be reported the next day,Most of them are Yale’s news,There are also major news in the country。"Yale Daily News" except for not being released during the holidays,Basically one period per day,Eight version of the pair,Free gift,During Yale, this is one of the main channels I understand Yale's dynamics。This kind of newspaper is vivid and lively,Bold freedom,Main content revolves around the construction and development of Yale University,and students and professors reflect on the problem of the university,Of course,Reports of Yale University's sports events。I have read in "Yale Daily News" and questioned the high salary of the president of Yale University and other school managers,Read the troubles of the promotion process of the young assistant professor's job title。
Q: What are the main aspects of Yale's deep impression?
Answer: At this half -year visiting scholars at Yale University,I mainly participated in several activities: the first item,I chose three courses in three departments,First, the comparative literary department "Compare poetic in Chinese and Western vision",The other is the "Introduction to Literature Theory" in the English Department,There is also a "Heidegger Research" of the Department of Philosophy。In class,Yale students gave me a deep impression,I have already said this just now。
The second activity is reading,Mainly reading in the library。Yale Library is very famous,More than 11 million books,Is the second largest academic library in the United States,second only to Harvard。Yale Library is very luxurious,The main library is called Sterling Memorial Library,The renovation fee in its reference room costs $ 5 million,The wide desktop is covered with leather,In addition,The library is all hardcover books,This is the first all -hardcover library I have seen。Because the book is too rich and the space is limited,Yale's library does not have a copy,Even the current collection of books,It has been cleaned up many times,and if no one borrows a book within three years, it will be shipped to the basement,This way their books are still very full,How strong their financial resources are。
Yale Library system gives me the deepest impression,It is completely centered on teachers and students,That is to say,Full of user -centered。It has about 16 libraries,Including many professional libraries,Like the famous Benakzhen and Manuscript Library,Art Library,Building Library,Religious library, etc.。One enrollment,Yale's information center will give each student a Yale mailbox as the official contact channel。You can Bet365 Casino loginborrow bet365 live casino gamesbooks in any library,If the book is not in your library,You can also click on the online book you want to borrow,Generally speaking, books will be sent to the circular table of your designated library within one day。Book once you arrive at the museum,You will immediately receive an E-mail in your mailbox,Inform this book that has arrived,Please take it within 10 days。Yale is also very convenient to return books,Borrowed books borrowed in any library can be repaid in any library。And there is no limit on the number of borrowed books,Theoretically, you can use countless books at the same time,So you often see a student on the campus and will embrace one or two books to return to the dormitory。But there is a little bit,is,Once someone is pursuing this book online,You must return it within 10 days。If no one is pursued, you can always put the book with you,Just don't lose it,Once the fine is lost。But this pursuit is rare。Even if a professor class specifies the book, the book is generally not pursuing,First, the professor will not ask you to read a book at a time,How many pages will be arranged,And their students generally go to special bookstores to buy old textbooks,The old book of the college bookstore is very cheap。
Another feature of Yale University is that the network is very developed,Most places can see public computers of cable network,You can get on a wireless network anywhere,And free。Their students go online,Generally look at the mailbox,School、What not to notify the principal,Will be sent directly to the mailbox of each student,Then just look at the news,Look at some things in the school,Professor contacts you mainly through the mailbox。Also online check information,Their library also has a huge database resource in addition to tangible books,Yale almost ordered the world's major databases,Electronic resources are very developed。
There is also a very different place from domestic universities,Yale has no administrative building,They do not have a huge administrative team,Is a typical typical of the professor。They usually set up a department director,Its role is equivalent to the professor convener,For example, a professor is missing in a certain field,The professor of the entire department will sit together to discuss who is suitable,Discuss who needs to hire。The director of the department itself is the professor,Do not leave teaching。
Q: Then you are at the academic atmosphere of Yale University、Do you have any particularly deep feelings in the management operation of school?
Answer: I have four major feelings when I visit Yale University this time:
The first is strict。Yale's requirements for teachers and students are particularly strict。Yale University recruits teachers around the world。For example, a position is empty,There may be hundreds of pH.d. (graduated doctors) to compete。Selected layer by layer、Removal,Finally discussed by the professors,and refer to the student's reflection, which teacher to introduce to which teacher。An excellent pH.D. after Yale,Generally speaking, it is possible to work for 10 years to get a lifelong teaching position。Yale University is the same as Harvard University,Their associate professors have no lifelong teaching position,Associate Professor of General State University has already obtained a lifelong teaching position,But in Harvard and Yale, only the orthodox professor is a lifelong teaching position。During these 10 years, you must read it desperately、Write an article、Published an article、Publishing Book,And it is a first -class level,No water。Their academic system is very strict。So their professor is very diligent,Library can often see white -haired old professors come to borrow books、Check the information。
Yale is also very strict with students,An uncomfortable student cannot enter Yale,Excellent students have to be eliminated after entering Yale University,Undergraduates have 36 courses for four years,Among them, at least 12 courses are selected outside bet365 live casino gamesthe Bet365 Casino loginmain major (foreign language、Humanities Science、Social Sciences and Natural Sciences, each type of at least three courses),You need to take a lot of credits。Graduate requirements are very strict, which is another feature of them,Generally to the end of the second year of graduate students,There will be a written test and a oral test,After passing, you are qualified to be a pH.d. Candidate (doctoral candidate),After two years of teaching and reading,Write the paper in the 5th year,Sixth year defense,That is to say, it takes 6 years to get a pH.D.。If you can't get through, you will be eliminated,You can only get a master's degree。
Their requirements for doctoral dissertations are extremely strict,This is also worth learning for us。Yale University's Philosophy Department clearly stipulates in its PH.D. training plan,Do any philosophical genre、Philosopher Research,Must be proficient in that genre、The mother tongue of that philosopher is premise。If you engage in German philosophy,Fuck Kant、Hegel、Hedgger,You have to be proficient in German,If you are engaged in Derrita、Fuke,Then you have to be proficient in French。That is to say,Only proficient in the mother tongue of this philosophy,You are qualified to do this paper。If you are not proficient in the author's language,You cannot build your research on the basis of the original,You may only refer to the information of the second hand,This can not stand at the forefront of academics,I can’t reach the academic accomplishment of the doctoral dissertation。
Under such strict requirements,The elimination rate of Yale students is very high。Their elimination is a very conscious elimination,If the student reads it, he feels that he really can't meet the request of the professor,It's too hard,I will take the initiative to withdraw。Professor is like this,Yale stipulates that a pH.D. must be promoted to associate professor within five years,Otherwise, you have to roll the cover and roll automatically,It can be said to be cruel。
The second feeling is freedom。Students have the freedom to choose courses,You can choose lessons according to your own hobby,Of course there are teachers' guidance。Professor has the freedom of lectures,That is to say, what the professor said that the school cannot limit。The establishment of a lifetime professor in the United States is to prevent the professor from firing by hiring by ideological reasons。And,Professor professors every three years to five years,There will be a year of paid vacation time,At this year, the professor can write a book,You can visit all over the world、Research、Speech、Cooperation。In addition, their atmosphere is very free,Basically in the classroom is a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere,You can start a fierce dispute on a certain problem,But it does not hurt the dignity of the teacher,It will not affect the future future of students。This kind of freedom is very good once it forms tradition。Yale University's school emblem reads "light and truth",I think freedom should be the basis of light and truth。
The third impression is high efficiency。The operation of the school is particularly efficient。First of all, they do not have a huge administrative team that leaves the teaching,Therefore, Yale has no office building。For example, my comparative literature department,There is only one director in administrative administration,A director assistant and undergraduate education,Add a graduate education,Three people can make the whole system running well。Another reason is that the information network is developed,Such a big university is operating well and relying on the network,What procedures to do、Everything is through the network,Most things do not need to run legs。
The fourth feeling is high internationalization,Yale University is indeed an international university,You can see various countries in Yale、Students and scholars from each race。Yale pays great attention to extending outstanding students and bet365 games best slotsscholars Bet365 Casino loginin the world,Establish a good academic relationship,The development of Yale has opened up a more promising road,Open a wider space。