I am at Peking University、Shanda and other schools to teach,Students often ask me what basic books should read,meaning a book outside the professional。A recent classmate wants to go abroad,I gave her a book list。Afterwards I carefully sorted out this book list,Thinking about the reference value for ordinary college students。I am not a "common person" or "mentor",This move is nothing more than some views on the current university education,I hope to use the book list to make some improvement opinions。In fact, the book list is also your own,The books in which there are re -reading for me、Necessary learning。
The proposal of the book list is realistic。In recent years,Many universities have begun to pay attention to general education。But why do you need to educate in general? How to carry out?。General education should include such a few layers of meaning: this is the education of all college students;,belongs to non -professional、Non -professional education,It can be added with professional education;,This is a whole person education or Boya education,The essence of human culture through contact with human culture,In humanities、Society、Garment of Natural Science and other fields,Cultivate education、Capability、Responsible citizens,It is best to see the same kind of knowledge、People with Boya spirit and beautiful emotions。This way to locate general education,It is not just the adjustment supplement of the course,Not to mention some platter embellishment,Instead, implement an educational concept that is more conducive to cultivating and improving personality and the spirit of Boya。
General education should guide students to contact human culture classics。Don't engage in knowledge "platter",Read some relatively recognized basic books,And to read all。In the short three or four years of valuable college time,Reading many "festivals" or Introduction with its floating light,Various "good" lectures on the east and west,It is really better to read a、Twenty classic。Various "Introduction" or "History of Literature", "History of Philosophy", "History of Art" also useful,It provides basic knowledge background and book,But this cannot replace the original reading。Want to know the taste of pears,You have to taste it yourself,Reading Classic,What I want is the kind of understanding、Thinking、The process of cultivation,This is a necessary way for spiritual growth。
Due to the diaphragm,Classic is not easy to read。Reading classics need to sink to heart,"Folignty",There is a transcendence,There is a respect,Mobilize your feelings as much as possible to approach the spirituality,To understand,can go deep into the hall,Elegant interest will be cultivated slowly。Now subverting the classics becomes fashionable,People lose their traditional sense of dignity,"Cultural Fast Fast Food" and too much garbage under the subversive,Siege youth,They no longer have good reading habits。Many students except the exam,Reading is actually rare,Reading of classic works is quite limited,Even if you have any contact,It may not necessarily be a classic original,It may be read on the Internet to read some fun and relaxed things,Including the text of "spoof",This is easy to be eliminated by that kind of value、Relators and even the ideological influence of life,And the reading taste is also corrupted,This really has the danger of "lifelong damage"。Let's read classic,You can develop good reading habits,Read more,Read a good book,Good reading,Read the whole book。Is a foundation for life。
I advocate that various universities will reduce the "platter" of the "platter",Can't satisfy the lectures that have a sensational effect that can attract the audience,And should offer more classic Chinese and foreign classic courses。For example, let students read four in one semester、Five classic。Teacher properly guide,Not much talk,Read the main students。Arrange some every semester,Standard students within a certain range。This is not difficult to do。If the school does not arrange this lesson in this area,Students can arrange them by themselves。These 20 books are basic bibliography,The amount is not large,University can persist in reading for four years,It's very good,It must be beneficial to great benefits。Sometimes I am a little wondering,Why do you even read the "Things of the Ming Dynasty",and rarely read "History of Ming Dynasty"? Have you read the basic classic,Quality style is often different。
Reading Classic,Note that there must be so many levels。1 is the level of knowledge understanding。For example, when I read Plato's "Ideal Country"Bet365 gamesBet365 Casino login,I don’t understand,You can find the relevant history of Western philosophy or a book of common sense of Greek philosophy for reference。It doesn't matter if you read it thicker,Just know it。Then read "Ideal Country",It should have a general understanding of certain origins of Western culture。The second is the level of enlightenment,It is best to have more "why" in reading,Even some doubts,Bold thinking about certain problems。It can also be combined with some related research theories,Preliminary inquiry。For example, reading Jameson's "Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism",Naturally, it will cause critical thinking about some new social phenomena in the current Internet era。third,It is also the most important,Is the level of perception of culverts,In the reading of rational and perceptual blending,Properly surpass out and think about the classic wisdom and meaning,Think about the relationship between myself and this world,Think about how to bear your responsibility for this world,etc.。This is not a general knowledge grasp to solve,Must be immersed in the classic spiritual world,Through your own feelings、Chan Yong、Experience to achieve,This is the characteristics of human education。Of course,Three levels may overlap each other,It is not necessarily that it is just split off。
There are also many reading methods。I advocate read three times。Read the first time,It can be combined with the relevant "summary" reading objects,There is a general impression of classic text,Read this time quickly,can be browsed。Read more carefully for the second time,Basically mastering the classic spiritual context,Can read a thick book into a thin book,Use your own language (actually through your own thinking) to briefly say the essence of the book。third pass,Read with questions,Reading with a focus,If it is a literary work,It is even more influential reading,Taste、Chan Yong。Of course,Different from everyone's reading habits,You can have different reading methods。After reading these 20 books,May also touch the vine,Interested in selecting a deeper reading,So,There are "points" and "face",Understanding and perception of Chinese and foreign culture and civilization,It's a bit "confident"。Classic reading can develop good reading habits and reading flavors,This is a valuable lifestyle,This is a valuable lifestyle。
To select 20 basic books from college students to read the classic in the vast human knowledge treasure house,Not easy,It may cause some controversy。This is not tight,You can add adjustment。Choose these 20 books. First of all, it is recognized as a recognized classic,Also consider the needs of the knowledge structure of college students today。In fact, college students should also read some great men's biography and literary works。For example, "Biography of Beethoven", "Cut Guevala Biography",And "Jane Ai", "How Steel is made", "Ordinary World",etc.。In this plane、In the rough air,The deeds and moving works of these legendary characters will make people feel what heroes are,What is noble sentiment and enrichment of life。The following book is applicable to the University of Science and Technology。
Bet365 Casino loginBible.There are many Chinese translations,Easy to find。The Bible is the official classic of Christianity,Also known as "New Old Testament"。The basis for being regarded as Christian doctrine and theology,Contents include history、Legend、Law、Poetry、Discussion、Book Letter, etc.。Divided into two parts: "Old Testament" and "New Testament"。"Old Testament" was originally the official classic of Judaism,Later by Christianity recognized as Bible,But Christianity thinks,The Old Testament was made by God through Moses and the Israelites,The New Testament is set by Jesus Christ and believers。The Bible has an influence on Western culture.,It can even be said,Don’t understand Christian culture,It is impossible to understand the West。Focus on "New Testament"。Not just understanding stories or legends,To experience and imagine the religious feelings and transcendence of the spirit。Some "reason" must be gradually recognized after having a certain age experience。The Bible text is simple,The unique charm of the scriptures,Sinking down can read it。Auxiliary readers can choose Eliot's "Christianity and Culture",There is Yang people's livelihood、Chinese translation of Chen Changjin,Sichuan People's Publishing House 1981 edition。
2, Plato "Ideal".With Guo Bin and、Zhang Zhuming's Chinese translation,Business Library 1955 edition。Plato (Plato 428-347 BC) is an ancient Greek philosopher,Founded "Academy",is the earliest school in the West。Plato has the original influence on the entire Western philosophy and culture,I even think that the development of the entire Western philosophy of the West in the future generation is the continuous explanation of the "Plato problem"。"Ideal Country" involves a wide range of faces,You can focus on reading the "source of justice"、Part of the country and political philosophy。Use dialogue in the book,Expand in a conversation with Socrates。Socrates is a teacher of Plato。
3, Marco Oreli "Contemporary Record".What is the Chinese translation of any Huaihong,China Social Science Press 1989 edition。Marco Aoliu (121-180) is the Emperor of the Ancient Roman Empire,Children's lost father,Mother and grandfather develop adults,Literature in Greece、Latin Literature、Rhetoric、Philosophy、Law and painting have high cultivation。After the death of his uncle (also adoptive father) in 161 AD,The emperor of becoming an ancient Roman Empire,For nearly twenty years of reign。"Senior Record" is a book that reflection and self -motivation。He advocates obeying nature、Live according to nature,A person's life should be coordinated with the purpose of the universe,Realizing its own purposes in the process of achieving sacred purposes,This kind of life is only good for good。For this,Emphasize rational,Keep soul sober,Treatment of yourself and foreign objects、Is to "think"、Environment and other three -way relationship。"Contemplation" as the name implies,Is to "think",Use rational power to regulate your own psychology and words and deeds,Reverse、October and devotion,The life of pursuit of getting rid of passion and desire,Be an upright and noble person。Reading books can appreciate some charm of western classical philosophy,From the perspective of the universe、Life Outlook and other philosophical experiences to understand the spirit of ancient and modern China and foreign countries。
4Shakespeare "Hamlet".There are many Chinese translations。Shakespeare (1564-1616),Born in a farmhouse in the suburbs of London, England,Good education at a young age,Falling in the family in the youth,I have done work and other work,Later, actor and screenwriter in the troupe。Entering drama and poetry creation around 1590,Write more tragedies、History drama、Comedy and lyric poems,The famous drama includes "Henry IV", "Hamlet", "King Lear", "Ochilo", "Macbeth" and "Storm",etc.。Shakespeare represents the peak of the drama art during the European Renaissance,The display of his historical changes in Europe,Revelation of the richness and complexity of modern people's inner life,and innovation of drama structure and language art,Long -term affecting the spiritual life of Westerners and the development of the entire Western literature and art。Almost all new literary theory in modern times came out,It is inseparable from the interpretation of Shakespeare's work,even formed a specialized learning called "Sha Xue"。Shakespeare has become a symbol of Western culture。Shakespeare is accustomed to the use of rhetoric、Sentences that mean complicated and suitable for stage recitation,Read as a poem,You can get its charm。
5, Rousseau "Social Contract Theory".What Zhaowu's Chinese translation,Business Library 1980 edition。Rousseau (Jean Jacques Rousseau,1712-1718) Famous Enlightenment thinker in France、philosopher、Educator and writer,One of the Enlightenment of the French Revolution in the 18th Century。Main works include "On the origin and foundation of human inequality", "Social Contract theory", "Aiya", "Repentance", etc.。"Social Contract Theory" advocates life and freedom,The country can only be the product of the free agreement of the free people,If freedom is deprived of power,The people have the right to revolution。This book plays a role in enlightenment in the large -scale France。Rousseau's "Repentance" can be used as auxiliary readers,This is a self -narrative biography,To reveal the soul、Extraordinary courage and the spirit of challenging yourself, you are famous for the world,More importantly, you can understand Western personality liberation and romantic trend of thought。
6,Adam Smith, "Research on the Nature and Reasons of National Wealth"。The first Chinese translation is "Yuanfu",Yan Fu translation。Near Guo Dali、Chinese translation of Wang Yannan,Business 1997 edition。Adam Smith,1723-1790) is a representative of British classical political economics,Moral philosopher,Known as the father of modern Western economics。Adam Smith proposed the price like "invisible hand",Will adjust the economy spontaneously,Consistent with private interests and social interests。It advocates that the state does not interfere with the economy,Let the economic free development,Let the price mechanism work spontaneously。This book will cause thinking about the nature of the market economy and their gains and losses。
7, Kant's "Practical Critique".Chinese translation of cultural movement,Guangxi University Press, 2002 edition。Kant,1724-1804),Famous German philosopher,A great impact on the modern and modern philosophy of the world。Main works include "Pure Rawnate Criticism", "Practical Critical Criticism", "Critical Criticism"。About Life、Emotional、Reason、Moral、Time、Space、Planet、Universe, etc.,If we have transcendence thinking and exploring,What kind of wisdom will be needed? What kind of new observation point of life will be obtained?,Nobble difficult to understand,I don’t have to understand,How much contact with "real philosophy",Slowly "sour fruit",Is abrasion,I will feel that I have exercised my rational thinking,Breaking the horizon,It will also be obtained in the view of the universe and the outlook on life。
8, Goethe's "Gogde's Migration and Personal Collection".Cheng Daixi、Zhang Huimin's Chinese translation,China Social Science Press 1982 edition。Goethe,1749-1832),The greatest poet in Germany、Writers and thinkers。The main works are novels "The Troubles of Junior Vitt",Poetry drama "Faust", etc.。The motto accepted in the book is written in his later years,Full of life wisdom,Special to young people,Can cultivate thinking,Slim -fitting。
9, John StuartMier "On Freedom".There is a Chinese translation of Xu Baozheng,Business Press 2005 edition。John Stuart Mill,1806-1873),It is also translated as Muller (in the late Qing Dynasty, Yan Fu's "Mueller Famous Scholars"),Famous British philosophers and economists,Classical Liberal Thinker with great influence in the 19th century。The book discusses the power and obligations of social people,How to exercise the freedom of equal equality with others。Everyone likes to talk about reconstruction of social order or "personal design" today,Reading "On Freedom" will cause some essential thinking。
10, "Selection of Marx and Engels"(1-4Volume)。People's Publishing House 1995 edition。Carl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895),German social theorist,The founder of Marxism,It is also the most influential character in the history of world thought。If you ask college students to read 10 classics in the United States,There will be Marx Engels。Horse、Engels is the name we are very familiar with,Their ideological theory is closely related to China's social change for more than a century,and has "internalized" an important part of our modern Chinese culture,It flows in the blood of many people。Because of historical reasons,Many young students "disgust" these doctrines,But they don't actually understand,It may not read these "doctrine"。Criticize the disgust if you don't understand,Not a scientific attitude。Why not read the original classic? Four volumes are a little bigger,You can choose some of them to read。
11, Tang Yinbi "Mother of Humans and Earth".Chinese translations with Xu Bo and others,Shanghai People's Publishing House 2001 edition。Arnold Toynbee,1889-1975),British historian,It is also the most influential macro historian in the West,There are many volumes of "History Research"。Reading this book can understand the long journey of human civilization,Help the world's perspective of establishing a civilized comparison,It helps to break through the rigid view of history。
12, John Ross's theory of justice.What are the translations of translations such as Huaihong and other translations,China Social Science Press 1988 edition。John Roses (1921-2002),Professor of Harvard University, USA。Its theory of justice was released in 1971,Causes widespread attention in the West,It is regarded as Western political philosophy after World War II、One of the most important works in law and moral philosophy。Read this book,Observation of politics will get some kind of transcendence,The so -called political philosophy。As the name suggests,"Theory of justice" is the discussion of justice。The book discusses the connotation of justice,The historical development of justice,The role of justice,Analyze the social and political system with the principle of justice determined、Economic system and citizen life,All levels involved in social life,and proposed to resolve western society contradictions、Conflict、Fang Celebration of the Minnan; the book also explores ethical and moral issues,Involved in good、Self -esteem、Made、A sense of justice、Moral feelings、Self -discipline, etc.。We usually use the concept of "justice",After reading this book, there may be some more deeper recognition of dialectics。
13, Jameson's "Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism".There are Chinese translations,Beijing Sanlian Bookstore Published in 1997。Fredric Jameson,Famous critics and theorists in the United States,Nowadays,Quite challenging and controversial characters。It's quite abundant,Mainly "Marxism and Forms", "Cage of Language", "Politics Unconscious", "Seeds of Time", "Blaisste and Methods", "Cultural Steering", etc.。After the 1970s,Some new cultural phenomena start to appear。Modernist literature with an open rebellion spirit is gradually assimilated by consumer society,The division between elegant art and business form is disappearing,Literature and art entered the society and daily life。Contemporary culture and literature call for new theoretical exploration and criticism.。"Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism" The book analyzes literature in a dialectical manner、Painting、Building、Music and Movies and other popular media and popular cultural products,Internal relationships between production methods and culture and ideology,Contact of historical consciousness and time and space changes,I made in -depth discussions。Read this book,It can help us understand the cultural phenomenon of today's media and the Internet era with a critical vision。
14, "The Analects" and "Mencius".Actually two books,Here is a kind of。Most students may have read,but not necessarily read,Read it with thinking。Only completely thinking about thinking,It is interesting,It has a taste。Appreciate the wisdom of life in the taste,The rustic and solid attitude,There are also insights and understanding of personnel,Great and optimism,Those ideological essence,Will continue to moisturize the whole life。Among them, there is no bad dross,or not suitable for modern ingredients,There must be a critical vision,Lost the meaning of worship。Do not advocate those "subjective investment" too much at the beginning、or too "modern" related theory,Not to be satisfied with reading those "Soul Chicken Soup" category of "Soul Chicken Soup" (also has its function,But college students no longer need),Because it is easy to frame your mind。In addition,You can also read "Zhuangzi"。If the Analects of Confucius makes people understand life,So Zhuangzi may make people more surpass and imagine life。
15"New Words of the World".A note in the Southern Dynasty,Liu Yiqing (403-444) organized a group of literati,Liang Dai Liu Jun Note。There are more than 1,000 in the book,Calling anecdotes from the end of the Han Dynasty to Liu Song, the anecdotes from the famous campaigns of the scholars,Mainly comments from relevant characters、Talking about the story of Xuanyan and Wisdom,quite interesting。Reading this book can yearn for "Wei Jin style",The so -called "Most of the Southern Dynasties,Poor Eastern Jin most romantic ",That is indeed the era of the most colorful Chinese spirit。"Wei Jin Gen" has also become one of the most important heritage in Chinese culture。
16"Three Hundred Tang Poems".There are hundreds of choices in Tang poetry,The most widely circulated is the "Three Hundred Tang Poems" edited by the Qing Dynasty (1711 ~ 1778)。From an academic perspective, it may not be the best book,But "Three Hundred Tang Poems" selected poems wide,Generally contacting Chinese classical poetry This is a good entry book。The so -called "Sheng Tang Meteorology",Even today is a longing big mind,And those who cannot be repeated Tang poetry,The aesthetic accumulation of the nation。Frequent Tang poems and Song Ci,Reading Tang Poems,Read some Song Ci,It's very natural。
17"Ancient Constellation".It is Wu Chuxi, a Qing Dynasty、Wu Tuanhou selected in the 33rd year (1694) selected by Kangxi (1694),34 years of Kangxi (1695) Edition printing。The title of the book "Ancient Literature" means the articles included in the collection of the text represent the highest level of the classical Chinese,Learning classical Chinese is observed so far。Among them, it has ancient history、Literature、Philosophy masterpieces,It has always been very popular,As a student's enlightenment reading。Learn Chinese Chinese,Feel the beauty of ancient Chinese,Feeling the spirit of Chinese culture formed for thousands of years,Reading "Ancient Congress" is a convenient choice。It is recommended to read slowly,Choose a dozen of them to recite。
18"Dream of Red Mansions".Maybe most students are familiar with,Never read it。Watching movies and television can't replace the original work。The advent of this book is a miracle,Represents the peak of Chinese literature。Reading "Dream of Red Mansions" can not only appreciate the beauty of literary performance,You can also understand ancient Chinese culture and human physical physics。"Dream of Red Mansions" breaks the traditional method,can be appreciated from the philosophical level,can be appreciated from the philosophical level。The feelings and thoughts of reading "Dream of Red Mansions" when you were young,How many years may change after how many years。Reading at different ages will have different understanding。
19"Complete Works of Lu Xun".Lu Xun is a modern Chinese culture giant。For the past century,Deep understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese nationality,Lu Xun is the first person。Reading Lu Xun makes people very sober,Knowing the World,Maintaining a critical eyes for reality。10 Volumes that the head is too big,Not necessarily read,But of which "Scream", "彷", "Weed", "New Editor of Story" and "Picking Pick up" should be read,You should also read a little more essay。There is a single copy of Lu Xun's essays,You can use。
20"Selected Works of Mao Zedong".Mao Zedong is the founder of the Republic,is a great man who greatly affects the fate of modern China。To understand modern Chinese history,Understand the cause and gains and losses of the revolution,Understand the Chinese cultural spirit structure formed by modern times,Can't help but read Mao Zedong anyway。Not to mention that Mao Zedong was one of the best people who wrote the best vernacular after May 4th,Read "Mao Chuan",Simple to learn thinking and expression、Dialectics。"Mao Xuan" four volumes are a bit larger,You can focus on the "Hunan Peasant Movement Investigation Report", "New Democraticism", "Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium", "Contradiction Theory", "Practice theory", etc.,Other browsing pan -reading。