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When Hong Kong Island was ceded in 1842，It is a "barren island" that even the British Foreign Secretary regarded as "never becoming a trade center"，The British government even dismissed the minister responsible for negotiating and signing a treaty with the Qing Dynasty。More than a hundred years have passed，Hong Kong develops into a global trade capital，And become the city with the greatest economic freedom in the world。This huge change is connected with China’s history for more than a hundred years，Making literature that takes place in Hong Kong always an inseparable part of Chinese literature。While ceding、Lease、The history of Hong Kong unfolding during the handover，This has also enabled Hong Kong literature to gain the independence of Hong Kong territory。

The long old literature and the belated new literature

As early as 1816，“The name ‘Hong Kong’ has already appeared in British writing”，And "Hong Kong" first entered Chinese literature through old-style literature。More than ten years after Hong Kong was ceded，The municipal construction can be developed quickly，Starting to form a commercial city，Attracting visitors from all over。Literati passing through Hong Kong，Ru Wei Yuan、Huang Zunxian、He Shaoji and others have written poems and compositions with the title "Hong Kong"bet365 online sports betting app，Wang Tao, who lived in Hong Kong for 20 years in 1862 to escape the Qing government’s arrest, was the first mainland scholar to live in Hong Kong，He is also the first writer to write in Chinese after the opening of Hong Kong，"Called the originator of Hong Kong literature"。1874，Wang Tao founded the first Chinese-published newspaper in Hong Kong, "Cycle Daily"，Newspapers are divided into "villages"、"Two Parts of Harmony"，"Zhuang" publishes news，"Xie" published poems、Prose、Novel、Cantonese Opera，It’s the supplement，This is regarded as the starting point of Hong Kong literature。Wang Tao himself also published many old-style poems and essays in "Cycle Daily" etc.。He said to himself, "My poetry is noble and sincere"，"Never distinguish between the Song and Tang Dynasties"，“But Zhiyin is chaotic，Can’t pretend to be peaceful” ("My Poems")，The most valuable thing about his poems and essays in Hong Kong literature is that for the first time in modern Chinese history, he showed the power of change in a "marginal" area like Hong Kong far away from the center of the dynasty。《Gift to Marquis Nagaoka of Japan，Shi Fang Envoy to the Netherlands" is the most typical expression of Wang Tao's reform thoughts in his exchange with Japanese friends: the "reform" and "prosperity" in response to Japan's "entry into Europe and leave Asia"，He warned，“Taiwan and Western academics are unparalleled，Set up shortcomings and take advantage of the strong points today”，But we must also be clear-headed about "imitating and not just superficially"，Wealth and strength are not just based on Ge Jia”；As for "the same origin in the Middle East"，The China and Japan of the pointillist Xijie”，More importantly, we must “know that staying in the distance means being a good neighbor”。Wang Tao also published traditional notebook novels "Escape from the Cave", "Songyin Manglu", etc.，Lu Xun, in "A Brief History of Chinese Novels", attributed it to "whose style of writing is purely that of "Liao Zhai""，"What is recorded，The ghost foxes are gradually becoming bet365 online sports betting apprarer，And the fireworks and pink events are in full swing"，"It spread widely"。

Like Wang Tao，Expressing progress in old-style poetry、Changing ideas，There are many successful people in Hong Kong’s old-style literature，For example, Pan Feisheng, "the leading figure in Hong Kong literary circles in the late Qing Dynasty"，His poems are full of wishes for change、Patriotic feelings。There was a group of revolutionaries in the late Qing Dynasty，Living in Hong Kong，Founded "China Daily", "World Public Welfare News", "The Only Interesting News", etc.，Both have literature and art departments，Poetry columns often feature poems by revolutionaries，For example, Zheng Guangong, who came to Hong Kong from Liang Qichao in his youth in 1901, participated in the founding of many newspapers，Regard newspapers as close friends: "Annihilating thieves and ridiculing weapons，Killing traitors with sharp strokes。Invisible Volunteer Team，Scare the kowtow bug。"Clearly shows that the revolutionaries use old-style poetry as a weapon to destroy thieves and punish traitors，Promote anti-Qing revolutionary stance。Others traveling in Hong Kong，Like Chen Buchi in the business world、Liang Chuo and others，His poems also reflect the characteristics of the times from different aspects。It can be said，There is no fundamental conflict between Hong Kong’s old style literature and new literature，Even participated in some process of new literature。

Hong Kong’s old-style poetry was also the first to show Hong Kong’s local characteristics at the level of folk culture。The creations of literati from the Hong Kong and New Territories areas in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are regarded as "the purest representatives of local literature in Hong Kong"，Xu Yongqing、Huang Zilu and many other literati are running schools and teaching in the New Territories，Teach traditional culture，His poems convey the atmosphere of Hong Kong through rural life，Simple and fresh。Early Republic of China，Sheung Shui Youth Poetry Society was established by villagers in the Sheung Shui area bet365 best casino gamesof ​​the New Territories, which is known as the hometown of cultural relics，Published "Collection of Sheung Shui Poetry Society"，Creating poems about farming and reading，Continue to advocate national literature。For the fate of Hong Kong’s colonization，Hong Kong’s local poetry also captures various historical aspects。As in 1898，The British occupied the New Territories，Local villagers rose up to resist，Brutal suppression，Wu Xingchi's poem "It is not the weak that can resist the enemy"，Isn’t death a shocking death for a husband?”，Deng Huilin's poem "Five horses have punishments to punish Han villains，Kowloon Unbounded Yingyi”，Experienced by those who have experienced it，Generous Elegy，"Inherit the Xiongzhi poetry style of Lingnan，Recommended as a masterpiece of early Hong Kong local literature"。These creations，They all contain the original characteristics of Hong Kong literature from the perspective of local culture。

Hong Kong new literature originated from the influence of the May Fourth New Culture，After the outbreak of the May 4th Movement in 1919，Many Chinese newspapers in Hong Kong gave political response，A large number of new culture books are imported into Hong Kong。But old literature still dominated Hong Kong for a while，Hong Kong’s new literature is even later than Taiwan’s new literature。1907，Literary journals began to appear in Hong Kong，Such as "Novel World", "New Novel Series", "Double Voice", etc.，But the styles are all old style or "Mandarin Butterfly style"。Hong Kong newspapers also use classical Chinese，About after 1925，Hong Kong newspaper supplements are publishing vernacular works one after another。In such a context，Lu Xun’s three visits to Hong Kong in 1927 became an important factor in the birth of Hong Kong’s new literature，Especially during his visit to Hong Kong in February, he gave speeches "Silent China" which criticized feudalism's policy of obscuring the people and "The Old Tune Has Ended" which exposed the true intentions of the colonial authorities' bet365 live casino gamesspecious preferences，The speech was "translated" into Cantonese by Xu Guangping，There are many people listening，Excellent effect。Lu Xun said in his speech, "We really have only two paths from now on: one is to die holding on to ancient prose，The first is the call to abandon ancient Chinese literature and survive"，Directly sowing the fire of new literature among the people of Hong Kong。Liu Sui, who was recording Lu Xun’s speech at that time, recalled later，Lu Xun is full of hope for the prospects of Hong Kong’s new culture，“He expressed his belief that Hong Kong will not become a cultural ‘desert area’ in the future，And also said，‘It doesn’t matter if it’s a desert，The desert can also change’。”“Young people in Hong Kong” were directly affected by Lu Xun’s speech，Start down-to-earth “doing the work of literary revolution”。1927，Sun Shoukang founded Hong Kong’s first new literature publishing organization—Hong Kong Shou Kuang Publishing Department，Almost simultaneously，"Industrial and Commercial News" Huang Xinyan returned from studying in Europe and the United States、Presided over by Yuan Zhenying，Open a supplement dedicated to publishing modern literary creation and translation。Among them, Yuan Zhenying has lived in Hong Kong since childhood，After studying at Peking University in 1915，Become Chen Duxiu’s right-hand assistant，Deeply involved in the May 4th New Culture Movement，More than ten kinds of "Shishe Series" published by the Shokuang Publishing Department are all translations and introductions of modern Western enlightenment culture。August 1928，The launch of "Companion", considered Hong Kong's first new literary magazine，The "Zhizhigui" published in the same year has "a sharp and lively style"，Somewhat like "Yu Si""，It may be regarded as the occurrence of Lu Xun’s influence。To 1933，There are nearly 20 new literary publications published in Hong Kong，Hong Kong’s new literature begins here。